A water chiller works by removing heat from a fluid (usually water or a water-glycol mix) and dissipating it to the surrounding environment. Here’s how the process generally works in a simple step-by-step manner:

1. Compression

• The chiller’s compressor pulls in the refrigerant gas from the evaporator coil. This gas is at low pressure and temperature.

• The compressor then compresses the refrigerant, which increases its pressure and temperature. The result is a hot, high-pressure refrigerant gas.

2. Condensation

• The hot, high-pressure refrigerant gas flows into the condenser, where it’s cooled by a fan or a cooling tower. As it cools down, the gas condenses into a high-pressure liquid.

• The condenser either releases the heat into the air (in air-cooled systems) or into water (in water-cooled systems).

3. Expansion

• The high-pressure liquid refrigerant then passes through an expansion valve or a throttling device.

• This causes a sudden drop in pressure, which cools the refrigerant. The refrigerant then enters the evaporator as a cold, low-pressure liquid.

4. Evaporation

• In the evaporator, the cold refrigerant absorbs heat from the water or other liquid circulating through the chiller system.

• As the refrigerant absorbs heat, it evaporates and turns back into a gas.

• The water (or fluid) being chilled loses heat to the refrigerant and becomes colder.

5. Return to Compressor

• The refrigerant gas, now warm and at low pressure, returns to the compressor to start the process over again.

• The chilled fluid (water or glycol mix) is then pumped out of the chiller and can be used for its intended purpose, such as cooling machinery, cooling water for industrial processes, or even in systems like ice baths.

This cycle of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation is what allows a water chiller to continually remove heat and maintain a lower temperature for the water or fluid being chilled.

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